Journal: Scientific reports

Article Title: Generally Applicable Transformation Protocols for Fluorescent Nanodiamond Internalization into Cells.

doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06180-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. Survival of yeast cells after performing the interventions and different steps in the transformation protocols separately. Colony forming units (CFUs) are a measure for the survival of viable cells after either the chemical transformation or the electroporation protocol. (A) The greatest reduction of viability occurs after the addition of 0.01% Triton. The addition of FNDs to the treatment does not decrease the viability. Bars represent averages of triplicates out of two independent experiments. An area of +/−20% around 100% is deemed as ‘normal viability,’ (B). Electroporation reduces viability by a factor 102. In all samples FNDs were also added. In the case of 8 pulses, cell viability was completely reduced. For the electroporation protocol all decreases were significant (p < 0.0001). Bars represent averages of replicates out of two independent experiments, error bars show the Standard Error of the Mean. Significance is tested compared to the control situation. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Electroporation was performed using an electroporation cuvette (Bio-Rad, Veenendaal, the Netherlands, catalog no. description 165/2089) and applying 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 or 16 pulses (25 μF/200 Ὠ/900 V) in a Bio-Rad Gene Pulser XcellTM Electroporation System, an adjustment of the electroporation protocol by E.L Rech et al.29 Afterwards the cells were centrifuged for 4 min at 1000xG and prepared for confocal microscopy by fixation or incubated on YPD plates (see below).

Techniques: Transformation Assay, Electroporation, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Somatostatin slows Aβ plaque deposition in aged APP NL-F/NL-F mice by blocking Aβ aggregation

doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-29559-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cortical Aβ plaque density is increased in App NL-F/NL-F mice upon Sst ablation. ( A ) Workflow for the assessment of Aβ plaque distribution and density. ( B ) Parasagittal brain section highlighting cortical and hippocampal areas that were separately analyzed for plaque density and are shown bounded in black and green, respectively. The anterior commissure is outlined in yellow. The images were generated with HALO software (Version 2.3.2089.29; https://indicalab.com/halo/ ) and margins of subregions were manually defined. Representative micrographs of parasagittal brain sections from 15-month-old ( C ) App NL-F/NL-F Sst + / + , ( D ) App NL-F/NL-F Sst + /− , and ( E ) App NL-F/NL-F Sst −/− mice stained with 4G8-DAB showing plaques are largely restricted to cortical and hippocampal areas. ( F ) Plaque density measurements were based on all plaques exceeding 0.25 µm and were normalized relative to the median plaque density observed in App NL-F/NL-F Sst + / + cortices. Paired two-tailed t-test results indicate a significant relative increase in plaque density in App NL-F/NL-F Sst −/− cortices relative to side-by-side processed cortices derived from age-matched App NL-F/NL-F Sst + / + mice. ( G ) Comparison of cortical Aβ amyloid plaque densities, binned into four Aβ amyloid plaque size ranges, in 12-month and ( H ) 15-month old App NL-F/NL-F mice with wild-type, hemizygous, or knockout Sst genotype. Aβ plaque densities increased in all four plaque size categories in the older animals, irrespective of Sst genotype. A consistent trend, indicating an increase in plaque density, yet not meeting significance conventions ( p < 0.05), was observed in all four plaque size ranges in 15-month-old mice, when Sst hemizygous or deficient mice were compared against wild-type Sst expressing App NL-F/NL-F mice. Bonferroni-corrected p- values are shown in the graphs.

Article Snippet: Prepared slides were scanned at 20 × magnification (0.5 µm/pixel) on an Aperio Scanscope AT2 (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany) and plaque quantification was performed on HALO software (Version 2.3.2089.29, Indica labs, Albuquerque, NM, USA).

Techniques: Generated, Software, Staining, Two Tailed Test, Derivative Assay, Knock-Out, Expressing